Monday, 5 May 2014

Two major flaws in the Singaporean education system

Hi everyone. Recently, I had worked on a very interesting media project that brought together talents from China, Hong Kong and the UK. I met two very different people who managed to irk me in exactly the same way. There was this stuntman from China who didn't speak a word of English and was incredibly ignorant about the West - then there was this English lighting technician who was totally ignorant about anything and everything about China, Chinese people and Chinese culture. I suppose I am incredibly intolerant of ignorant people because there is really no excuse to live in ignorance when there is so much information out there, so easily available in this day and age. I do wonder what kind of crap education they both had, which left them both so ignorant about anything outside their culture.
Another photo from my rehearsal days

But then again, both of them are specialists in their respective fields who are gainfully employed. They are both involved in the same project, doing what they're good at, both earning good money on this project - the fact that they have huge gaps in their knowledge has not hindered their ability to find well-paid work. The stuntman from China may have flunked English when he was a student (yes, he was taught English as a schoolboy in China) but it doesn't matter today as he is not reliant on his language skills to make a living. Likewise for that lighting technician, it seems like he would have flunked both history and geography at school - but then again, he is a lighting technician in a film studio, not the BBC's China correspondent in Beijing, he just needs to know about lighting to do his job well.

There is a balance to be struck between breadth and depth of knowledge - is it better to be a specialist in your area of expertise, or should you know a bit about everything? I do feel that in Singapore, there are two fundamental problems. Firstly, the balance is wrong - there is too much emphasis on the breadth of knowledge: this is worst during secondary school where students are made to prove just how versatile they are in completely different disciplines from physics to English literature to mathematics. Many students are going on to do very general courses at poly/university (like business studies) which try to give them a broad range of skills rather than turn them into specialists. Upon graduation, they struggle to find a job because they are just not highly skilled enough in any particular discipline .- they are undoubtedly well educated but are just not in a position to easily find a job. They have a great breadth of knowledge but lack depth in any area - their expensive education has failed to prepare them for the job market.
Is she an educated but unemployable graduate?

Let's take something like mathematics for example - it forms a basis of our general education because we all need some numeracy skills regardless of our career choices. So many Singaporeans dedicate much of their formal education to this discipline - but how many of us actually use more than basic numeracy skills in our jobs? Even if you do work with numbers, like you're an accountant - you are probably using accountancy software programmes like QuickBooks or Sage to do the actual calculation rather than working it out with just a calculator (oh they used to do that back in the 1970s before every accountant had a computer). That meant that most of the mathematics I have studied beyond that has been nothing but a complete waste of time. Oh all that agony, doing all that homework was for nothing I swear. In my recent posts, I talked about putting up with suffering for no good reason, with nothing to gain at the end of the day: that does summarize up my experience with mathematics at school.

The problem with many Singaporeans teachers, parents and students (heck you're all equally guilty) is that you believe that you will be rewarded with a good job for simply doing well in exams - when really, that is the same as expecting some kind uncle or auntie to reward you for your good rewards with an Angpow at a family gathering. I had a very generous grand-uncle who did just that - he couldn't help me with my homework as he didn't speak English, but he wanted to encourage me, so he would give me Angpows (money in red envelopes) each time I produced good results. Well, that is not how it works in the working world and gatekeepers are looking so much more than students with good results. To be fair, there are big organizations who will recruit the best graduates from the top universities as part of their graduate recruitment programme - get onto one of those schemes and you don't have to worry about developing your professional skills, your employer will invest in your training and turn you into whatever they want you to be.
My granduncle would reward me for good results with money.

But what if you didn't go to Oxford or Cambridge, what if you didn't get into one of those graduate recruitment programmes - then what? It's simple - just do what that Chinese stuntman or English lighting technician did: they picked an area of interest which fascinated them, which they enjoyed and turned it into a career. Herein lies the second problem with the Singaporean system. How many students in Singapore have actually considered turning their hobbies into a career? Instead, they are told, "stop wasting your time with your silly hobbies, you need to study hard for your exams because that is what is going to get you a good job." We have been fed so much bad advice over the years and the younger generation are still being fed the same misinformation as our generation. This needs to stop - young people should be encouraged to develop their interests outside the academic curriculum. 

However, the problem with the Singaporean situation is that Singaporeans are way too passive - they have become accustomed to being spoon-fed when it comes to their education. Their teachers, tuition teachers and parents tell them exactly what to study, what to do, what books to read, what websites to visit - they are not encouraged to take their own initiatives, to be independent, to be different and those who do try to break from the mould are rarely rewarded for being different. Parents and teachers need to ease off and allow young people the freedom to explore their options, to get to know themselves, to discover what makes them happy rather than just conform with society's expectations.
Do you dare to stand out from the crowd, rather than conform?

In the UK, it is fairly common for young people to take a 'gap year' - this is usually between the completion of their A levels and starting university. In this period, the young people usually go traveling, see the world, make new friends, find a job, find an internship, but most importantly, they leave their parents' home and learn to fend for themselves. It is an opportunity for them to grow up, become independent, embrace adulthood and most of all, find out what they want to do with their adult lives after having had a taste of it. Hardly any Singaporean parents would entertain even the idea of giving their children the chance to take a 'gap year' like that - when I tried to explain it to my parents, they thought it was a waste of time and money: they thought the young people should be studying instead. But what they don't realize is that some of life's most valuable lessons cannot be learnt in a classroom - you have to get out there and experience life for yourself. You cannot 'grow up' and become independent when you're stuck in a classroom being told what to do by a teacher like a young child - that is why a gap year is such a good idea if one can afford it.

Let's face it - you can mercilessly bludgeon your kids through the Singaporean education system but you know the odds are stacked against you. How many Singaporean students can actually win a golden ticket to become a scholar who will then be placed on a fast-track programme in the civil service or a prestigious investment bank? Those odds are ridiculously low - what if your child turns out to be simply average and cannot prove himself to be academically superior than his peers, then what? Why put all your eggs in that one basket, without any kind of plan B? If I had a child, I would ease off the pressure when it comes to exams and allow the child plenty of opportunities to pursue different hobbies and interests - so that the child can one day turn that hobby into a meaningful and fun career.
Do you know what you are passionate about? What drives you?

I was lucky, I did okay because I had the guts to follow my interests and pursue my hobbies, turning my hobbies into a career. One of my primary motivations is to show my parents just how utterly, totally useless my entire formal education is, just to make a point. I have said this time and again: kids, you don't need a degree, you don't need to go to university. Just focus on something you like, something that makes you happy, something you are interested in - chances are, it will not be anything on your academic syllabus. There are so many things you can't learn in a classroom - from pure business acumen to talent in sports to social skills - there's only so much a teacher can do for a student. But how many Singaporeans today are struggling because they did not blossom under the Singaporean education system but were not even allowed to pursue their hobbies and interests as children?

At the end of the day, as much as I can mock the Chinese stuntman and the English lighting technician for being ignorant, they are still working alongside me, earning good money on a very prestigious international media project. They are in a far better position than so many young graduates who are undoubtedly well educated but somehow unable to use their degrees to find any kind of paid employment. This ought to be a warning about depth vs breadth of knowledge when it comes to one's career development - such is the reality of the working world today.
I am working with the best stuntmen from China on this project.

So that's it from me on this issue. What kind of career do you have, or do you wish to have? Are you relying on your degree or are you following your passions? Do you have a good depth of knowledge or have you a great breadth of expertise? Have I been fair to the Singaporean system? How can young people decide what kind of career they want to embark on? Do leave a comment below and please let me know what you think, thank you very much for reading.

26 comments:

  1. Your approach works right up until technology takes away the job that matches your passion.

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  2. Not much tipoly)e, so am responding on the fly. We've spoken about this before. The point of the general education system (different from vocational, like ite/poly) is not to teach you anything useful for your career. It's to signal that you can adapt to various different circumstances.

    Almost everything I learnt from high school to university was useless in my first job. But it was what let me get the first job.

    Anyway, your answer only refers to general education. Multiple paths for secondary education exist in Singapore; you may not be as aware of them.

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    1. Kaishun, do tell me more about the multiple paths for secondary education in S'pore as things may have changed a lot since my time in S'pore. Thank you.

      As for the general education, I guess the subtext for this is my parents fussing endlessly over every detail about my nephew's education - and I'm like, honestly, who gives a shit what the kid scores for maths or science at primary 5? As if anyone is going to give half a flying fuck? Just chill and let the poor kid go have some fun, let him have the space to discover what makes him happy as that is important - he needs to know what makes him tick, so he can then match his future education and training to a job that will make him happy.

      Anyway, as I've said before Kaishun, I have no doubt that your academic records will prove that you're nothing short of "fucking brilliant". Any employer would have looked at your academic records and said, "Holy fuck, have you seen this Kaishun guy? He is fucking brilliant, he will be an asset to the company, quick, let's make him an offer." Yes some people can do that if they are of that kind of calibre and are recruited right out of the top universities - a family friend started receiving job offers in his 2nd year at Cambridge, that's how fucking brilliant he is.

      But what about the average people who are not as fucking brilliant as you Kaishun, for them, they don't have the kind of academic record to prove that they are smart. Maybe all they can get is a very average degree from a university on the wrong end of the league table, which sends out all the wrong messages - then what? I'm saying that for such people, they should be pursuing their passions and hobbies instead, rather than trying to prove their worth through a very general education. Some people are good at proving themselves through general education by scoring straight As - others may be better off sticking to what they enjoy most in life, their hobbies and passions.

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    2. We agree in principle. Better to chase what you enjoy than slog. Where we differ is in the point where one switches out of a general education.

      To me, it makes sense to take it as far as you can because it preserves options. All the way to university, even a "very average degree from a university on the wrong end of the league table." Why?

      http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htm

      It's the US, sure. But that tells you just what a difference even a very average degree makes; as I'm sure you're aware, the average US university and the average UK university are... different. Not just in educational attainment, but in cost.

      So my point is this; your advice is great, and it works well. But if technology renders your job obsolete -- if your hobby or passion no longer can sustain you because there is no demand for it -- at least you have options if you've taken your general education as far as you can.

      http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/02/a-case-for-college-the-unemployment-rate-for-bachelors-degree-holders-is-37-percent/272779/

      Makes my case, even if it's a little old.

      In the end, you can't push rope. If someone can't learn or doesn't want to learn, then sure, it's time to look to your passion. But I think it makes sense to get as far along on the curve as possible as a backup plan at least. Because you may indeed be very passionate about something. But being passionate about something does not mean that you are good at doing it.

      Re secondary education I was wrong; I meant tertiary, as in the boundaries between ITE, poly and university are no longer as rigid as they used to be. Back in your time and mine, they were almost as unbreakable as the caste system. Slowly but surely, that's changing.

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    3. OK we're on the same page now.

      As for being passionate about something - sure it doesn't mean that you're gonna be good at it, but it does put you in a happy place when you're doing something you enjoy for a living. Now doesn't that count for something?

      Let me use showbiz as an example (as it's what I know) - sure there are some very technical jobs (like being a lighting technician or sound engineer) which involves a lot of training and skill and not everyone can do. There are other less-skilled jobs, lower-paid jobs like front of house (collecting tickets, ushers, helping guests, dealing with reservations etc) which are open to people who may not be that highly skilled but still love working in the theatre environment. Sure, not everyone can become a famous West End producer or actor, but most people can find a job in the theatre industry if that is what they are genuinely passionate about and enjoy - even if it is a lowly paid, unskilled job (like collecting tickets). Like I said, at least they are in an environment they are passionate about - doesn't that count for something?

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    4. Sure it counts, but for how long? The West End is booming; music halls, not so much.

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  3. Dear Limpeh, I truly enjoy reading your post especially those regards to education and society. Please keep up the good work.

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  4. I think there lies the problem. SG being so small has very little career opportunities that doing something you like might not pay the bills.

    I'm stuck in a thankless job that I hate and I can't seem to find a way out. Having lived to work almost my whole life I don't really have an idea where my interests are.

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    1. Erm choaniki, surely you know what your interests are - we talked about it when you were in town? Your handle here 'big brother' tells me what inspires you.

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    2. Yes I think i mentioned to you during our meetup that my handle is from an obscure Japanese shooter game that was never exported (proper translation should be super big brother from the 超 portion of 超兄貴).

      One of my earlier passions were in gaming (don't have much time for it but still indulge in it during weekends since its a better pastime than squeezing with the crowds and the lining the pockets of the financial elite). I majored studied IT with a major in game programming but unfortunately when I came out of NS there was no gaming industry to speak of in Singapore so I had to work in IT retail in SLS. Back in the day it was also impossible to make a living playing games professionally but although it has changed in the past few years I'm a little too old for that now (fast twitch and whatnot).

      My second passing passion was Japanese culture, I studied Japanese and all aspects of its culture in my free time for some close to 10 years after graduation. In my folly I even joined up with a Japanese company. But its like the more I know the less I like about Japan and its culture in general. In fact if you ask me if I'm still passionate about it today, I would reply that I'm passionate in pointing out its various flaws and why the current state of the Japanese economy has lots to do with its traditions and culture and unless there is a major paradigm shift (highly unlikely) Japan would probably continue to shrink until it is irrelevant.

      So how do I monetize it? I'm don't know and I'm all ears to any suggestions.

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    3. Hi Choaniki. As for how you monetize it, I'm sorry I can't help you there as I don't know enough about Japanese culture. Maybe you can approach my reader Amber who lives in Osaka - she would be the best person to advice you.

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  5. General education is important to 'scaffold' the learning of skills. I grow up in the Singapore system and I agree it is not the best system to measure special talents like gymnastics, ambidexterity, athletics, art sculpting, etc. General education is meant to be, well, general. I learned analytical and synthesizing of information in school, especially when I was both a humanities and science student. It was an accumulative development. I wasn't great at all my subjects but on hindsight, I appreciated the exposure to the variety and the pressure to be excellent in everything. I took something at each stage of the education system and learned something from it. I became someone who is good at learning.

    I graduated with an arts degree and went into civil service but took the plunge to study business in a reputable business school in France where my peers were corporate high flyers with ivy league background. I topped my class despite having no experience in business subjects or real world experience in corporate finance, accounting, marketing and technology. The Germans were particularly upset with me because I was just such an annoying Asian nerd. But I wasn't a nerd. I was just so used to learning new stuff, absorbing tonnes of information, working 16 hour days, and synthesizing information, that honestly I attribute whatever little success I have today to my education. I topped the class in Live Business Case, Finance, Marketing, Research, Macro Econ, Strategy, and yeah in everything.

    I support taking a gap year. Many young people at that age need to find themselves and as you said get some life experiences.

    But schooling is also a form of experience.

    My advice to young people is to find innovative ways to thrive in the system, be resourceful and experimental. I was. Much as I love your blog, I wouldnt advice anyone to abandon their education. Learning is a lifelong pursuit, when there is an opportunity to be learn, you should learn.The important thing is knowing that it is ok to be average but aim to do be excellent, to be excellent and aim to be even better, be really lousy and still be able to laugh at yourself.

    : )

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    1. Hi Mookingbird, let me start off on a positive note. Thank you for leaving me your comment and I am very glad for you that you have done so well in your life.

      Now let me get on to where I am going to disagree with you.

      I didn't say that we should do away with general education altogether - I think that general education should be coupled with ample opportunities for the young person to discover for themselves what they are good at, what they are interested in, what they enjoy and what could lead to a possible career for them in the future. The limitations of general education is this one-size fits all approach, where some kids excel because they are great at learning (or to use a more Singaporean word, mugging) - whilst others struggle and flounder because they are forced to study subjects they are not interested in. And then there are those who hate the whole experience because they are forced to study subjects they have zero interest in but are still expected to do well and achieve good grades (that's me I'm talking about).

      Some Singaporean kids will gladly sit down and mug anything they are told to mug - others resent it. You can't have a one size fits all approach to education - there needs to be alternatives, a more flexible approach, to allow different students to flourish in different ways. At the end of the day Mookingbird, even if you did thrive in business school - you paid to be a student there. Would you ever be paid to study? No. That's the difference between being a student and having a job - I am saying that students need to be taught practical skills, more practical than mugging, to be able to get a good job. That is why I disagree with you when you talk about schooling as a form of experience - it is not useful, practical work experience.

      I am not telling anyone to abandon their education - I am telling them to think outside the box and approach education with a lot more flexibility especially if they are not your straight-A smart kid mugger.

      I am looking at my nephew who is at best average academically (well, he is below average, but he is autistic) - and my family have no plan B for him. They are just bludgeoning him mercilessly until they can turn him into a straight-A student (which will never happen, he's already in primary 5) - and I just wanna say, "hey give him a break, even if you double the hours of tuition he has, his grades are still gonna be more or less the same."

      You can't squeeze juice out of a rock. You need a different approach with people like that. So please, whilst I recognize that you are a very smart straight-A student, spare a thought for people like my nephew.

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    2. I'm sorry to hear about your nephew. But I agree with mookingbird here that wide-spectrum education is not the main issue. What needs to go is the emphasis on grades and exams.

      I love learning but I hate it when a system forces me to swallow information down into my brain and to regurgitate it during exams. I silently protested against that system by not mugging for exams like the others. Destroyed my grades and credibility as a student (also refused to do homework).

      But when I look back, I'm really glad we touched on all that content in school. Useless in work environment they are, they left countless hooks in my brain to keep me curious about the universe. Kept me living.

      It's true that spoon-feeding is a kludge in the system but some people need to be fed at least once. To know that food keeps them alive.

      The whole grading system can be kept minimal, fictional and opt-in. It might be awfully premature to think that I actually have a solution but I felt that I had to talk about schooling as an experience a modern human needs instead of merely a prerequisite of adult life.

      Sorry if I contributed nothing constructive here.

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    3. Well Derf, I think we're different kinds of people - I am selective as to what I am interested in. I hated maths at school and I don't see what kind of hooks years of maths could have possibly left in my head. I was the kind of kid who did as he was told (whilst resenting every moment of it) - don't get me wrong, I am still learning and have started studying Korean properly again. My point is that kids should be allowed to choose what they wanna study rather than be bludgeoned through a one-size fits all system: that would make learning more of a pleasure. Forcing a kid to do a subject s/he hates is just going to teach a kid the wrong message: that learning sucks.

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  6. My experience with the Singaporean system of education is generally not a good one, based on my brushes with the US, Canadian, Japanese and South Korean systems(the latter two are more or less similar in some aspects for historical and cultural reasons). Part of the complex of reasons is to be attributed to the overt emphasis on rote learning which is continued even into university level in some cases, as well as the tendency of teachers to judge a student's ability based on merely grade performance. I have a friend who is now an architect in Australia, but according to what he told me, his teachers back in secondary school and junior college tried all their best to dissuade him from being an architect on the grounds that he was bad in Math! Hence, he used the 2 words, "discouraging" and "disparaging", to describe the culture and system in Singapore compared to Australia where he flourished.

    Personally, breadth of knowledge is seriously something which the system in Singapore plays so much emphasis on in lieu of critical thinking. It is not without a reason that I find that Singaporean graduates incapable of thinking for themselves when it comes to issues like governmental policies and so on, as well as their unsuspecting naivete towards the media which is basically skewed right from the start. My parents tried so hard to help me get through my Math which was however one of my nightmares, insofar as I simply had little interest and was more interested in my languages and literature, via tutors and so on, but my results were still as bad in Math. At the end of the day, the very moment before my AO Math examination for the A levels, guess what I did? I told myself, "The heck with that Math examination. I will just go in and do it without caring for preparation", and came out passing it with a C5!

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  7. Hi LIFT,
    My mind was set on a business degree, but after reading your posts, i am convinced that it may be too general. Do you think that a accountancy degree would be better?

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    1. That's a simple question: definitely it's much better. But would you enjoy working as an accountant? That's another question for another day.

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    1. Hi Raymund, thanks for your comment. I don't think a career in the arts is the problem, the problem is with a general degree that doesn't point you in any particular direction. It's what I term a useless degree - such as my own. I have a degree in geography & French - okay, at least I walked away with fluent French but OMFG how useless is geography. It's as useless as a degree in History or any other arts degree. Think about it - in this story, I talked about a stuntman and a lighting technician: both work in the creative arts (in movies, ads, TV etc), in showbiz - but neither of them have any kind of degree in the arts. In fact, neither went to university simply because what they are doing is so specific that a degree would be too general to be of any use. Instead, what they needed is more industry-specific training to help them find more well paid work.

      As for those with an interest in the humanities & social sciences, I would ask them to do plenty of research into their career paths instead of simply studying something they like/enjoy - after all, you're investing so much time & money into a degree, that's a bit of homework that you definitely need to do to make sure it is going to be a good investment.

      As for my poor nephew being bludgeoned through the system - sigh, I am just the uncle. I can make sure I take him out and have fun with him when I am in S'pore, but otherwise, I don't get a say in his education. My sister and my brother-in-law have trusted my parents with that role and good grief, my parents have made a lot of mistakes... It's not for lack of trying though. But I do remember watching a very fat person try to play tennis, that fat person was trying his best but the results were... slapstick to the point where it was worthy of Youtube. My parents are always claiming credit about how hard they try to help my nephew and I feel terrible saying this, but like that fat guys trying to play tennis, sometimes it's not how hard you try, but it's results that matter.

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  9. Firstly I don't think Singapore's education system rewards brilliance, it is likely that a brilliant person would excel
    but I have seen enough very smart people failing in the system and people at not the same league intellect wise do much better. The correlation between brilliance to good grades is far from exact.

    I think the reason that parents and society in general emphasize studying and doing well rather than following your interest is that there really is a signaling model for education and that many of Singapore's institutions are not very developed. Many parents probably are afraid that if their children pursued any career they wanted, some would tend towards the arts and humanities. And I don't know how many artist can really be accommodated in a country like Singapore, and an arts degree is widely seen as less likely to appeal to employers or to enable a viable career. Further, I suspect its also factors such as high cost of living and a competitive job market pressures parents to push their children, if everyone else is working hard to do well, parents may feel that if they don't push their kids that they are losing out.

    I don't know the process in which students in a country figure out interest or career paths, and I don't think such knowledge is really possible, there are just too many everyday factors that influence a person. However I do think that the emphasis that parents and society place on following a "straight" pathway of going to university and getting a job would tend to stifle out any interest in activities or subjects not prominent in the education system.

    Also while I do think that it is possible for people to acquire niche, vocational jobs without formal education this does not hold for the humanities or social sciences. A person who has an interest in history or political science has no real way to follow his interest besides the standard educational process. And this entails all the studying associated with doing well in the Singapore education system. In such a case, following one's dream is the equivalent of getting good grades.

    It may seem obvious that parents and students are overreacting when it comes to their child doing well in primary 5, but I think that it is a paranoia that is rational within the context of the society. If everyone is pushing their children in primary 5, and if they don't consider non traditional modes of success as serious alternatives, there is a very strong incentive for any parent to also push their own child. I don't think this is simply a problem of Singapore education, it is the whole society itself putting to much emphasis on education as a sign of legitimate human capital.

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  10. Hi Limpeh, I agree that the Singapore education system can do more in terms of career guidance and management of expectations. It seems that students nowadays pursue any degree with the mistaken idea that a degree entitles them to a cushy job and comfortable lifestyle.
    Students and a majority of parents take little or no initiative to understand what job options are available / would likely to be in demand in future, hence make uninformed choices when blindly pursuing a degree.

    My views are the same as yours, league tables matter. Somethings the degree is not worth the time and money invested. However I have no issue with students pursuing a degree out of a sense of duty to their parents. Just don't expect the market / govt to owe you a job if your qualifications are not wanted.

    As to whether you can turn your passion into your job in Singapore, if it is something that is in demand that's great. But taking a step back it seems like the high cost of failure and lack of any safety net (other than family) in singapore is a major hindrance to straying from the beaten path.

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    1. Hi Alfred, thanks for your comment.
      I totally agree with you about this sense of entitlement: degree = cushy job, it simply doesn't work like that.
      As for this sense of duty - well, most Singaporean students have their degrees funded by their parents, it is their hard earned money. So you owe it to your parents to do a degree that is useful, given that the fees represent many years of income for your parents - that is what this sense of duty should be about, rather than this desire to please one's parents with good results.

      As for turning one's passion into one's job - well, yes there are all the qualifiers: it needs to be in demand, you need to be very good at it, you need the basic business acumen, you need to understand the market blah blah blah - all that lah, sure. But I've met people who have turned their passions into a job and they have such joy doing what they enjoy and making money at the same time... then I have met people who do shit jobs they hate to pay the bills and they are just so bloody miserable. No one ever said it would be easy but the price of NOT trying at all is to be stuck in a job you hate, knowing you'd rather do something else, resenting your lack of guts to go for what you really like instead. You talk about the price of failure, how about the price of not trying? That's a pretty high price as well.

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  11. Well-said Limpeh. You really conveyed whatever I was feeling in a straight way. Too bad, no one else puts it as honestly as you do about this sorry state of the education system. Thanks for the wonderful article. I really enjoyed reading it.

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    1. Thanks Kavita. Well, I hope you will find the courage to follow your passions in life :)

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